The IRS and Department of Labor both have requirements, and they overlap in most areas. The simplest approach is to keep everything payroll-related for at least four years from the date the tax was due or paid, whichever is later.

For each employee, you need to maintain basic identification records. This includes full name, Social Security number, address, date of birth, and job title. Keep the original W-4 form showing their withholding elections, and any updates they submit. If you have employees in Michigan, you may also have state withholding forms to retain.

Time and attendance records are required for non-exempt employees. This means daily hours worked, weekly totals, overtime hours, and the dates of each pay period. The Department of Labor requires these for three years, but keeping them for four or more protects you if questions arise later.

Pay records need to show the full picture for each paycheck. That includes gross wages, all deductions broken out separately, net pay, and the payment date. You also need to document the pay rate and how pay was calculated, especially for employees earning overtime or variable compensation.

Tax records require extra attention. Keep copies of all 941 quarterly filings, annual 940 forms for federal unemployment, and W-2s issued to employees. Payroll processing services typically generate and store these automatically, but you should have your own copies. State filings for Michigan withholding and unemployment insurance need to be retained as well.

Deposit records prove you paid employment taxes on time. Keep documentation showing dates and amounts for every federal and state tax deposit. If you ever face a penalty notice claiming late payment, these records are your defense.

Beyond the legal minimums, practical record keeping helps when employees have questions about past pay, when you need to verify employment for a former worker, or when your accountant prepares taxes. A bookkeeping service in Macomb can help establish systems that capture everything required without creating extra work for you.

The biggest mistake business owners make is not keeping records organized as they go. Reconstructing payroll history from bank statements and memory is painful and expensive. Set up a filing system now, whether digital or physical, and maintain it consistently with each pay run.